# app URL: /milo-cli/api/milo/app/ Section: milo Description: App event loop and terminal rendering. --- > For a complete page index, fetch /milo-cli/llms.txt. Open LLM text (/milo-cli/api/milo/app/index.txt) Share with AI Ask Claude (https://claude.ai/new?q=Please%20help%20me%20understand%20this%20documentation%3A%20%2Fmilo-cli%2Fapi%2Fmilo%2Fapp%2Findex.txt) Ask ChatGPT (https://chatgpt.com/?q=Please%20help%20me%20understand%20this%20documentation%3A%20%2Fmilo-cli%2Fapi%2Fmilo%2Fapp%2Findex.txt) Ask Gemini (https://gemini.google.com/app?q=Please%20help%20me%20understand%20this%20documentation%3A%20%2Fmilo-cli%2Fapi%2Fmilo%2Fapp%2Findex.txt) Ask Copilot (https://copilot.microsoft.com/?q=Please%20help%20me%20understand%20this%20documentation%3A%20%2Fmilo-cli%2Fapi%2Fmilo%2Fapp%2Findex.txt) Module # `app` App event loop and terminal rendering. 2Classes2Functions ## Classes `_TerminalRenderer` 5 ▼ In-place terminal renderer using alternate screen buffer. Uses cursor-home redraws with line clear… In-place terminal renderer using alternate screen buffer. Uses cursor-home redraws with line clearing to avoid flicker and prevent frame stacking. Supports declarative ViewState for controlling terminal features (alt screen, cursor, mouse, title). #### Methods `start` 0 ▼ Enter alternate screen buffer and hide cursor. `def start(self) -> None` `apply_view_state` 1 ▼ Diff *view* against current state and apply only the changes. `def apply_view_state(self, view: ViewState) -> None` ##### Parameters Name Type Description `view` `—` `update` 1 ▼ Redraw the screen with new output. `def update(self, output: str) -> None` ##### Parameters Name Type Description `output` `—` `stop` 0 ▼ Show cursor and leave alternate screen buffer. Each step is individually guard… `def stop(self) -> None` Show cursor and leave alternate screen buffer. Each step is individually guarded so a failure in one does not prevent the remaining cleanup from running. Internal Methods 1 ▼ `__init__` 0 ▼ `def __init__(self) -> None` `App` 10 ▼ Main application event loop. Integrates the Store, KeyReader, and kida LiveRenderer into a unified… Main application event loop. Integrates the Store, KeyReader, and kida LiveRenderer into a unified event loop. #### Methods `from_dir` 7 `App` ▼ Create an App that auto-discovers templates relative to *caller_file*. Looks f… classmethod `def from_dir(cls, caller_file: str, *, template: str | Any = '', reducer: Callable | None = None, initial_state: Any = None, flow: Flow | None = None, templates_dir: str = 'templates', **kwargs: Any) -> App` Create an App that auto-discovers templates relative to caller_file. Looks for a`templates/`directory next to the given file path and creates a kida environment with that directory as the loader root. Pass`__file__`from the calling module. Usage:: ``` app = App.from_dir( __file__, template="counter.kida", reducer=reducer, initial_state=State(), ) app.run() ``` ##### Parameters Name Type Description `caller_file` `—` `template` `—` Default:`''` `reducer` `—` Default:`None` `initial_state` `—` Default:`None` `flow` `—` Default:`None` `templates_dir` `—` Default:`'templates'` `**kwargs` `—` ##### Returns `App` `from_flow` 2 `App` ▼ Create App from a declarative Flow. classmethod `def from_flow(cls, flow: Flow, **kwargs: Any) -> App` ##### Parameters Name Type Description `flow` `—` `**kwargs` `—` ##### Returns `App` `render` 3 `str` ▼ One-shot render of a template with state. Returns the rendered string. classmethod `def render(cls, template: str, state: Any = None, *, env: Any = None) -> str` ##### Parameters Name Type Description `template` `—` `state` `—` Default:`None` `env` `—` Default:`None` ##### Returns `str` `run` 0 `Any` ▼ Run the event loop. Returns final state. `def run(self) -> Any` ##### Returns `Any` Internal Methods 6 ▼ `__init__` 12 ▼ `def __init__(self, *, template: str | Any = '', reducer: Callable | None = None, initial_state: Any = None, middleware: tuple[Callable, ...] = (), tick_rate: float = 0.0, transient: bool = False, target: RenderTarget = RenderTarget.TERMINAL, record: bool | str | Path = False, env: Any = None, flow: Flow | None = None, exit_template: str = '', msg_filter: Callable | None = None) -> None` ##### Parameters Name Type Description `template` `—` Default:`''` `reducer` `—` Default:`None` `initial_state` `—` Default:`None` `middleware` `—` Default:`()` `tick_rate` `—` Default:`0.0` `transient` `—` Default:`False` `target` `—` Default:`RenderTarget.TERMINAL` `record` `—` Default:`False` `env` `—` Default:`None` `flow` `—` Default:`None` `exit_template` `—` Default:`''` `msg_filter` `—` Default:`None` `_get_env` 0 `Any` ▼ Get or create the kida Environment. `def _get_env(self) -> Any` ##### Returns `Any` `_get_template_name` 1 `str` ▼ Get the template name for the current state. `def _get_template_name(self, state: Any) -> str` ##### Parameters Name Type Description `state` `—` ##### Returns `str` `_render_state` 3 ▼ Render current state through the template. `def _render_state(self, state: Any, env: Any, renderer: _TerminalRenderer) -> None` ##### Parameters Name Type Description `state` `—` `env` `—` `renderer` `—` `_render_exit` 2 ▼ Render the exit template once to stdout. `def _render_exit(self, state: Any, env: Any) -> None` ##### Parameters Name Type Description `state` `—` `env` `—` `_render_once` 1 ▼ Single render pass (non-TTY or HTML mode). `def _render_once(self, state: Any) -> None` ##### Parameters Name Type Description `state` `—` ## Functions `run` 4 `Any` ▼ Shorthand: App(...).run() `def run(*, template: str, reducer: Callable, initial_state: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any` ##### Parameters Name Type Description `template` `str` `reducer` `Callable` `initial_state` `Any` `**kwargs` `Any` ##### Returns `Any` `render_html` 5 `str` ▼ One-shot HTML render of state through template. `def render_html(state: Any, template: str | Any, *, title: str = '', css: str = '', env: Any = None) -> str` ##### Parameters Name Type Description `state` `Any` `template` `str | Any` `title` `str` Default:`''` `css` `str` Default:`''` `env` `Any` Default:`None` ##### Returns `str`