Module

compiler.coalescing

F-String Coalescing for Kida Compiler.

RFC: fstring-code-generation

Generates Python f-strings for consecutive template output operations instead of multiplebuf.append()calls, reducing function call overhead by ~37% in output-heavy templates.

Example transformation:

Before (5 function calls): _append('<div id="') _append(_e(item["id"])) _append('">') _append(_e(item["name"])) _append('

')

After (1 function call): _append(f'<div id="{_e(item["id"])}">{_e(item["name"])}

')

Design:

  • Only coalesce consecutive Data and simple Output nodes
  • Fall back to separate appends for complex expressions (function calls, etc.)
  • Use ast.JoinedStr for f-string generation (handles brace escaping automatically)
  • Detect backslashes in expressions (f-strings don't allow them)

Uses inline TYPE_CHECKING declarations for host attributes. See: plan/rfc-mixin-protocol-typing.md

1Class

Classes

FStringCoalescingMixin 7 ▼
Mixin for f-string coalescing optimization. Host attributes and cross-mixin dependencies are decla…

Mixin for f-string coalescing optimization.

Host attributes and cross-mixin dependencies are declared via inline TYPE_CHECKING blocks.

Methods

Internal Methods 7 ▼
_get_pure_filters 0 frozenset[str] ▼
Get combined set of built-in and user-defined pure filters.
def _get_pure_filters(self) -> frozenset[str]
Returns
frozenset[str]
_is_coalesceable 1 bool ▼
Check if node can be coalesced into an f-string. Coalesceable nodes: - Dat…
def _is_coalesceable(self, node: Any) -> bool

Check if node can be coalesced into an f-string.

Coalesceable nodes:

  • Data nodes (literal text)
  • Output nodes with simple expressions

Non-coalesceable nodes:

  • Control flow (If, For, While, etc.)
  • Output with complex expressions (function calls, etc.)
  • Any node containing backslashes in string constants
Parameters
Name Type Description
node —
Returns
bool
_is_simple_output 1 bool ▼
Check if Output node is simple enough for f-string.
def _is_simple_output(self, node: Any) -> bool
Parameters
Name Type Description
node —
Returns
bool
_is_simple_expr 1 bool ▼
Recursively check if expression is simple enough for f-string. Simple expressi…
def _is_simple_expr(self, expr: Any) -> bool

Recursively check if expression is simple enough for f-string.

Simple expressions:

  • Constants (strings, numbers, booleans)
  • Names (variable references)
  • Attribute access (name.attr, name.attr.subattr)
  • Item access (name[key], name["key"])
  • Pure filters with simple arguments
  • Pipelines with all pure steps
  • InlinedFilter (method calls like .upper())

Complex expressions (NOT coalesceable):

  • Function calls (may have side effects)
  • Ternary expressions (complex control flow)
  • Binary/unary ops (complex evaluation)
  • Expressions containing backslashes
Parameters
Name Type Description
expr —
Returns
bool
_expr_contains_backslash 1 bool ▼
Check if expression would generate code with backslashes. F-strings cannot con…
def _expr_contains_backslash(self, expr: Any) -> bool

Check if expression would generate code with backslashes.

F-strings cannot contain backslashes in expression parts. This is a Python syntax limitation.

Parameters
Name Type Description
expr —
Returns
bool
_compile_coalesced_output 1 ast.stmt ▼
Generate f-string append for coalesced nodes. Note on brace handling: ast.…
def _compile_coalesced_output(self, nodes: list[Any]) -> ast.stmt

Generate f-string append for coalesced nodes.

Note on brace handling:

ast.JoinedStr automatically handles brace escaping when the AST
is compiled to bytecode. We do NOT manually escape {{ and }}.
Literal text goes into ast.Constant nodes as-is.
Expressions go into ast.FormattedValue nodes.

Note on backslashes:

F-strings cannot contain backslashes in expression parts.
We detect backslashes during coalesceable checking and fall back.
Parameters
Name Type Description
nodes —
Returns
ast.stmt
_compile_body_with_coalescing 1 list[ast.stmt] ▼
Compile template body with f-string output coalescing. Groups consecutive coal…
def _compile_body_with_coalescing(self, nodes: list[Any]) -> list[ast.stmt]

Compile template body with f-string output coalescing.

Groups consecutive coalesceable nodes and generates single f-string appends for groups of 2+ nodes. Falls back to normal compilation for single nodes or non-coalesceable nodes.

Parameters
Name Type Description
nodes —

List of template AST nodes to compile
Returns
list[ast.stmt] List of Python AST statements